This analysis is i ntended to assist nhtsa in identifying potential critical operational. Life cycle global warming impacts of the two lithiumion batteries. This report presents a life cycle assessment lca study of lithium ion li ion batteries used in electric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles. Because some materials come from comparatively less plentiful resources, the recycling of lithium ion batteries and the potential impact on batteryproduction lifecycle burdens are discussed. Life cycle of a lithium battery pack, how many cycles should. Life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries in electric. National and international standards organisations were set up to facilitate trade by encouraging greater product interoperability and compatibility as well as setting standards for acceptable product safety, quality and reliability. Based on life cycle assessment lca and ecoindicator 99 method, a lca model was applied to conduct environmental impact and endoflife treatment policy analysis for secondary batteries. This study presents the life cycle assessment lca of three batteries for plugin hybrid and full performance battery electric vehicles. They are one of the most popular types of rechargeable batteries for portable electronics, with a high energy density, no memory effect. Life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries in electric cars ipoint blog. Lithiumion batteries cycle 5000 times or more compared to just 400500 cycles in lead acid. Possibilities and constraints in life cycle assessments of lithiumion batteries.
This study reported that either on a per kilogram or per. Thus, soc estimation of lithium ion batteries has been widely investigated because. Comparative life cycle assessment of battery storage systems. Life cycle environmental assessment of lithiumion and nickel. Study identifies benefits and potential environmental. Espec provides lithiumion battery evaluations, and safety testing, test consulting. Lithiumion discharge curves, lead acid battery downsides. The aim of this study was to provide a transparent inventory for a lithium. Life cycle assessment of li thium ion b atteries for plug.
High performance lithium ion battery systems development for long life geostationary satellites. Environmental protection agency shanika amarakoon abt associates, inc. If you even occasionally drain the batteries more than this their life will be drastically cut short. Kelly, and amgad elgowainy energy systems division argonne national laboratory september 2017 this memo documents updates for life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries lib in the greet model. Live lca, the next generation of life cycle assessment software, including. Batteries free fulltext life cycle analysis of lithiumion. The study also assesses a nextgeneration technology involving singlewalled carbon nanotubes swcnts being developed to increase the energy capacity and marketability of these battery systems. Life cycle assessment of lithium ion batteries with. S1 1life cycle assessment of silicon nanotube based 2lithium ion battery for electric vehicles 3yelin deng,1,2 lulu ma, 2 tonghui li, 2 jianyang li,2 chris yuan1,3 4 1 department of mechanical engineering, university of wisconsinmilwaukee, wi, the united states 5 2 department of civil and environmental engineering, soochow university, 2151, suzhou, china 6 3department of mechanical and.
How to prolong lithiumbased batteries battery university. Life cycle assessment of a lithiumion battery vehicle pack. Systems maturity assessment of the lithium ion battery for extravehicular mobility unit project. Lithium ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric vehicles and are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications. The goal of this study is to provide a transparent inventory for a lithium ion nickelcobaltmanganese traction battery based on primary data and to report its cradletogate impacts. The goal of this study is to provide a transparent inventory for a lithiumion nickelcobaltmanganese traction battery based on. A transparent life cycle inventory lci was compiled in a componentwise manner for nickel metal hydride nimh, nickel cobalt manganese lithiumion ncm, and iron phosphate lithiumion lfp batteries. Lca is a method to evaluate the environmental impact.
The primary weaknesses of the cell chemistry is the formation of lithium dendrites and dissolution of sulfur active materials from the polysulfide shuttle effect, ultimately limiting the chargedischarge cycle life. The project partners included lithium ion battery manufacturers and suppliers, recyclers, trade organizations, research institutions, and academic and government us epa and department of energy representatives. This study presents an approach on the life cycle assessment and environmental impact of lithiumion batteries for electric vehicles, specially the iron phosphate technology based battery lfp, through evaluating the different stages in the whole life of the battery starting with the manufacturing stage and then proceeding with the evaluation of its use in spain until. Theres a lot of mythology in the area of lithiumion battery. Life cycle assessment of lithiumion batteries for greenhouse. Lithium ion battery life and death there are ways to extend the life of your lithium ion batteries. To this end, the various utilities in the life cycle of this battery are examined with the help of the simapro software simulation tool in order to quantitatively assess. Lithiumion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric. But, with real world conditions, most customers need to replace them after only 35 years.
Its purpose was to identify the materials or processes within a li ion battery s life cycle. Pdf on jan 1, 2011, linda gaines and others published paper no. Cycling frequency matters more than choice of chemistry for lifetime impacts. By far the most critical phases in a battery s life cycle are production especially energy use and recycling, an increasingly important issue. The battery pack is characterized with 63 kwh capacity to power a midsized electric vehicle ev for a 320 km range. The potential benefits of lithiumion batteries versus vrla batteries in 3phase ups applications. To guide model development, epri will first assess existing cradletograve life cycle assessment tools and research on lithium ion batteries to identify knowledge gaps. The lithorec way sustainable production, life cycle engineering and management by arno. Environmental impact assessment and endoflife treatment.
Partnership to conduct lifecycle assessment for lithiumion. Assessing the safety of lithiumion batteries february. As with all lithium battery chemistries, there is a risk of combustion if lithium is exposed to the air. Iec 626601 calls for cycle life testing with the chargedischarge rates rapidly varied.
As a new material, lithium ion battery has advantages of good security, high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost, so that it is regarded as the best choices for new age power sources 1. Examine available battery analyzers and checkout how well they service various battery types. Study explores environmental and health impacts of lithium. Discover what causes li ion to age and what the battery user can do to prolong its life. This study presents an approach on the life cycle assessment and environmental impact of lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles, specially the iron phosphate technology based battery lfp, through evaluating the different stages in the whole life of the battery starting with the manufacturing stage and then proceeding with the evaluation of its use in spain until reaching the. Your link says that cycle life is the number of chargerecharge cycles that the battery can support before that its capacity falls under 85%, my link says 80%. Life cycle assessment of silicon nanotube based lithium. Comparing life cycle assessment of liion batteries and fuel. Lithiumion batteries and nanotechnology for electric vehicles logo. Epri will modify these tools to apply to different battery chemistries. Lithiumion batteries and nanotechnology for electric. Life cycle of a lithium battery pack, how many cycles should it last. The battery testing, analysis, and design activity supports several complementary but crucial aspects of the battery.
The long life lithium ion battery llblib is designed to replace the current extravehicular. Life cycle assessment of lithium ion batteries with silicon nanowire anode for electric vehicles abstract. It lays out a research approach toward evaluating appropriate. However, there are few studies focusing on the carbon footprint assessment of lithium ion battery products, failing to analyze the impact from each stage. This model evaluated the cycle, recycle and waste treatment stages of secondary batteries. S1 1life cycle assessment of silicon nanotube based 2lithium ion battery for electric vehicles 3yelin deng,1,2 lulu ma, 2 tonghui li, 2 jianyang li,2 chris yuan1,3 4 1 department of mechanical engineering, university of wisconsinmilwaukee, wi, the united states. Modeling of lithiumion battery degradation for cell life assessment. Study identifies benefits and potential environmentalhealth impacts of lithiumion batteries for electric vehicles life cycle assessment highlights ways to reduce global warming emissions. Quantifying the environmental impacts of both battery production and recycling processes through life cycle analyses using argonnes greet model. Lca of lithiumion battery technology, in the context of a case study. This report presents a lifecycle assessment lca study of lithiumion liion batteries used in electric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles. While silicon nanowires have demonstrated great potential for application on lithium ion. Presently, a quantitative database for lithium ion cell aging that is suitable for the validation of fundamental life models5,7,8 is absent in the literature.
Finally, this leads to recognition of critical gaps in lithiumion battery thermal management research, which are not filled by current thermal management strategies. This report summarizes an assessment of potential lithiumion liion battery vehicle safety issues to provide nhtsa information it can use to assess needs and prioritize its future research activities on liion battery vehicles. The lci data were compiled into the gabi4 lca software. Life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries in electric cars. Lifecycle analysis of production and recycling of lithium. Longer life expectancy in theory, vrla batteries used in ups systems have a life expectancy of about 7 years. Partnership to conduct lifecycle assessment for lithiumion batteries and nanotechnology in electric vehicles. A life cycle assessment of a liion urban electric vehicle battery. This report summarizes an assessment of potential lithium ion li ion battery vehicle safety issues to provide nhtsa information it can use to assess needs and prioritize its future research activities on li ion battery vehicles. Life cycle assessment of lithium ion batteries with silicon. Of particular interest is estimation of the impact of battery material recycling on battery manufacturing. A lithiumion battery or liion battery abbreviated as lib is a type of rechargeable battery. The study presents a life cycle assessment lca of a next generation lithium ion battery pack using silicon nanotube anode sint, nickelcobaltmanganese oxide cathode, and lithium.
Life cycle assessment of lithiumion traction batteries ntnu open. Accelerated cycle life testing and developing correlations based on this data are critical for the capacity fade evaluation of batteries. Discover what causes liion to age and what the battery user can do to prolong its life. The life cycle inventories lcis of liion battery contain component production. In light of the increasing penetration of electric vehicles evs in the global vehicle market, understanding the environmental impacts of lithiumion batteries. Because some materials come from comparatively less plentiful resources, the recycling of lithium ion batteries and the potential impact on battery production life cycle burdens are discussed. Custom lithium ion battery pack manufacturer large power. The lithium ion battery was used as an case study and compared with nickel metal hydride battery and solar cell. As a result, the requirements for lithiumion thermal management systems for optimal performance in hev and ev applications are identified and discussed. Life cycle assessment of five lithium ion battery chemistries for residential storage. Assessment of potential lithiumion battery safety issues for.
Battery research is focusing on lithium chemistries so much that one could imagine that the battery future lies solely in lithium. A battery modeling software, batpac, has been used to design battery systems. In order to avoid problemshifting, a life cycle perspective should be applied in the environmental assessment of traction batteries. Cells are subjected to repeated charge discharge cycles to verify that the cells meet or exceed the manufacturers claimed cycle life.
Lci data were collected for all the stages in the liion battery life cycle see. The life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas. Lifecycle implications and supply chain logistics of. Article i assesses the environmental impacts associated with the production of a lithiumion traction battery pack and provides a detailed cradletogate inventory. A transparent life cycle inventory lci was compiled in a componentwise manner for nickel metal hydride nimh, nickel cobalt manganese lithium ion ncm, and iron phosphate lithium ion lfp batteries. Jan 22, 2016 the most recent battery comparison study published in public literature was an evaluation conducted on the cradletogate life cycle inventory studies of leadacid, nickelcadmium, nickelmetal hydride, sodiumsulphur, and lithiumion battery technologies sullivan and gaines 2010. Update of life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries in the greet model qiang dai, jennifer dunn, jarod c. Researchers leverage argonnes batpac model to determine the material compositions needed to perform life cycle analyses on different lithium ion battery chemistries. Lithium ion batteries and nanotechnology for electric vehicles. Data were sought that represent the production of battery constituent materials and battery. Mar 18, 2014 based on life cycle assessment lca and ecoindicator 99 method, a lca model was applied to conduct environmental impact and endof life treatment policy analysis for secondary batteries. Life cycle assessment of repurposed electric vehicle batteries. A life cycle assessment of a liion urban electric vehicle.
Update of life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries in. Life cycle assessment of five lithiumion battery chemistries for residential storage. Assessing the safety of lithiumion batteries february 11. The cycle life is the number of complete chargedischarge cycles that the battery is able to support before that its capacity falls under 80% of its original capacity. A lithium ion battery or li ion battery abbreviated as lib is a type of rechargeable battery. Lithium ion batteries cycle 5000 times or more compared to just 400500 cycles in lead acid. Constantly recharging a lithium ion battery does not shorten the battery life more than normal usage would hence constantly recharging a lithium ion battery. Life cycle assessment of a lithium ion battery vehicle pack. A quantitative environmental lca of liion batteries was conducted using. In this study, the goal is to analyze and compare the environmental impacts caused by lithium ion and nickelmetal hydride batteries based on standardized methods. Battery testing, analysis, and design the battery testing, analysis, and design activity supports several complementary but crucial aspects of the battery development program. Partnership to conduct lifecycle assessment for lithiumion batteries and nanotechnology in electric vehicles, 20 your bibliography. The activitys goal is to support the development of a u. Comparing life cycle assessment of li ion batteries and fuel cells in chargers for small electronic applications a comparison of the environmental impact of portable cell phone chargers.
Environmental impacts of lithium ion batteries a major factor in lcas for evehicles. If you consume 50% of your ipods battery on day 1, recharge to 100% at night, and do the same thing on day 2, then you would have just finished up one charge cycle of its battery life. In order to avoid problem shifting, a life cycle perspective should be applied in the environmental assessment of traction batteries. Life cycle environmental assessment of lithiumion and. Mar, 2020 state of charge soc is a crucial index used in the assessment of electric vehicle ev battery storage systems. Systems maturity assessment of the lithium ion battery for. The energy a battery holds can be measured with a battery analyzer by applying a full discharge. Life cycle assessment of silicon nanotube based lithium ion. Lithiumion battery recycling and life cycle analysis.
Just like a software development project, the final 20% of the work can end up taking 80% of the time. Lithiumion batteries versus vrla batteries in 3phase ups. Comparative life cycle assessment of lithiumion batteries. Cycle life is greatly affected by higher levels of discharge in lead acid, versus only. A score function for optimizing the cyclelife of batterypowered embedded systems. By far the most critical phases in a batterys life cycle are production especially energy use and recycling, an increasingly important issue. Lca of lithiumion battery technology, in the context of a case study of a lithium. Comparative lifecycle assessment of liion batteries through. Comparative life cycle assessment of lithiumion battery. Comparative life cycle environmental impact analysis of.
Challenges and future prospects ersha fan et alenvironmental feasibility of secondary use of electric vehicle lithiumion batteries in communication base stations jie yang et alresearch gaps in environmental life cycle assessments of. Majeaubettez g, hawkins t, hammer stromman a 2011 life cycle environmental assessment of lithiumion and nickel metal hydride batteries for plugin hybrid and battery electrical vehicles. The study was the first lifecycle assessment to bring together and use data directly provided by liion battery suppliers, manufacturers, and recyclers. Jun 06, 20 heres that link to apples website on cycle life. Update of life cycle analysis of lithiumion batteries in the. Life cycle of a lithium battery pack, how many cycles. The study presents a life cycle assessment lca of a nextgeneration lithium ion battery pack using silicon nanotube anode sint, nickelcobaltmanganese oxide cathode, and lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte. Design and analysis of large lithiumion battery systems power engineering by shiram. An adapted lifecycle assessment method is presented based on a. Most existing liion battery lca studies focus on the processbased. Toward enhanced state of charge estimation of lithiumion. Check out our tips and find out why the battery packs can explode. New lithium ion battery strategy offers more energy, longer.
Mar 06, 2015 lithium ion batteries are common in consumer electronics. Administration commissioned study on the life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from lithium ion batteries. Assessment of potential lithiumion battery safety issues. So if the battery is discharged to 60 % and then charged to 80% it isnt a complete cycle. Life cycle assessment of siliconnanotubebased lithium. Cycle life is usually defined as the number of charge discharge cycles a battery can perform before its nominal capacity falls below 80% of its initial rated capacity. Its worthwhile to take a closer look at what exactly the environmental impacts of batteries are. Therefore, the house load profile is provided by resloadsim software time. Lithium iron phosphate and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide are considered for the cradle to gate life cycle assessment. Eric melin, consultant in lithiumion battery life cycle management, reckoned that 97,000 tonnes of batteries had been recycled in 2018, including 67,000 tonnes in china and 18,000 tonnes in south korea, with the reminder covered mainly by the eu. Cyclelife characterization of automotive lithiumion. Pdf life cycle assessment of lithiumion batteries for plugin.
Life cycle assessment of lithiumion batteries for plugin hybrid. Battery testing, analysis and design department of energy. Read the final report, application of life cycle assessment to nanoscale technology. September 14, 2012 kathy hart design for the environment program u. State of charge soc is a crucial index used in the assessment of electric vehicle ev battery storage systems. Lithiumion batteries hazard and use assessment springerbriefs in fire by celina. It does not include the use phase of the batteries. Abt used the openlca platform, an open source, software program for sustainability and lca. Is there a resource constraint related to lithium ion. May 25, 2018 majeaubettez g, hawkins tr, stromman ah 2011 life cycle environmental assessment of lithium ion and nickel metal hydride batteries for plugin hybrid and battery electric vehicles. Environmental impacts of lithiumion batteries a major factor in lcas for evehicles. Application of lifecycle assessment to nanoscale technology. If cycled more than twice a day, ncolto achieves lowest environmental impact.
Jun 28, 2012 new lithium ion battery strategy offers more energy, longer life cycle. Its purpose was to identify the materials or processes within a liion batterys life cycle. Frequent cycling substantially reduces environmental impact per energy delivered. The most recent battery comparison study published in public literature was an evaluation conducted on the cradletogate life cycle inventory studies of leadacid, nickelcadmium, nickelmetal hydride, sodiumsulphur, and lithiumion battery technologies sullivan and gaines 2010. Regarding the life cycle inventory lci of ev batteries, liion batteries with different. Apr 21, 2015 this paper presents a comparative life cycle assessment of cumulative energy demand ced and global warming potential gwp of four stationary battery technologies.
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